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中国沙漠 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (3): 88-96.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2025.00200

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黄河源区玛多盆地风况与输沙势特征

张碧优(), 胡光印(), 胡菁菁   

  1. 陕西师范大学 地理科学与旅游学院,陕西 西安 710119
  • 收稿日期:2025-10-24 修回日期:2025-12-22 出版日期:2026-05-20 发布日期:2026-06-11
  • 通讯作者: 胡光印
  • 作者简介:张碧优(2002—),女,陕西西安人,硕士研究生,主要从事沙漠化与风沙活动研究。E-mail: you18092174860@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(42071004);国家自然科学基金项目(42241110);第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK0403)

Wind regime and sand drift potential characteristics in the Madoi Basin of the source region of Yellow River

Biyou Zhang(), Guangyin Hu(), Jingjing Hu   

  1. School of Geography and Tourism,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi'an 710119,China
  • Received:2025-10-24 Revised:2025-12-22 Online:2026-05-20 Published:2026-06-11
  • Contact: Guangyin Hu

摘要:

黄河源区玛多盆地位于青藏高原东北部,处于西风带与亚洲季风交汇处,区域内广泛分布沙漠化土地,局部地区风沙活动强烈,风沙灾害频发,但目前该区域的风况特征尚不清楚。本文基于2013—2017年鄂陵湖区域逐小时风速风向数据,对黄河源区玛多盆地起沙风况与输沙势进行了分析。结果表明:(1)玛多盆地年平均风速为4.48 m·s⁻¹,春季最高,为4.71 m·s⁻¹,冬季次之,为4.57 m·s⁻¹,夏季最低,2月风速最大,9月最小。(2)起沙风年平均风速为8.22 m·s⁻¹,频率为23.5%,以西风为主导风向,冬春两季起沙风合计占比达58.5%。(3)研究区年输沙势为394 VU,其中3年输沙势超过400 VU,在中等与高等风能环境之间波动。合成输沙势为244 VU,合成输沙方向92°,方向变率指数0.62,属中变率。(4)输沙势冬季最大(157 VU),春季次之(126 VU),分别占全年的39.8%、31.9%; 输沙势2月最高(75.36 VU),1月与3月次之(均超过50 VU),9月最低,6月合成输沙方向反向。研究区输沙活动主要受西风环流影响,春、秋、冬季输沙方向以东向为主,夏季西风带北移,导致输沙方向变为西向。总体而言,玛多盆地的风能环境具有季节差异性和相对稳定性,冬春强,夏秋弱。风能环境在季节与月份上的差异,不仅反映了青藏高原风沙活动对大气环流的响应,而且对理解区域风沙地表过程提供了重要的科学依据。

关键词: 起沙风, 输沙势, 风况, 黄河源区, 青藏高原

Abstract:

The Madoi Basin in the source region of the Yellow River is located in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau, at the convergence of the westerlies and the Asian monsoon. The region is widely covered by desertified land, with intense local aeolian activity and frequent aeolian hazards. However, the wind characteristics of this area remain poorly understood. This study analyzes the sand driving wind regime and sand drift potential in the Madoi Basin based on hourly wind speed and direction data from the Eling Lake region between 2013 and 2017. The results indicate that the annual average wind speed in the region is 4.48 m·s⁻¹, with the highest in spring at 4.71 m·s⁻¹, followed by winter at 4.57 m·s⁻¹, and the lowest in summer. Monthly variations show that February has the highest wind speed, while September has the lowest. The average annual sand driving wind speed is 8.22 m·s⁻¹, with a frequency of 23.5%, and westerly winds dominate. The annual sand transport potential is 394 VU, with three years exceeding 400 VU, indicating that the wind energy environment of the study area fluctuates between moderate and high levels. sand drift potential is 244 VU, with a resultant drift direction of 92° and a direction variability index of 0.62, which is considered moderate directional variability. On a seasonal scale, the maximum sand drift potential occurs in winter(157 VU), followed by spring(126 VU), accounting for 39.8% and 31.9% of the annual total, respectively. Monthly analysis shows that February has the highest sand drift potential(75.36 VU), followed by January and March(both exceeding 50 VU), with a minimum in September, and that the resultant drift direction reverses in June. Sand transport in the study area is primarily influenced by westerly circulation, with eastward transport dominating in spring, autumn, and winter, while northward displacement of the westerlies in summer shifts transport to the west. Overall, the wind energy environment of the Madoi Basin exhibits seasonal variability with relative stability, strong in winter-spring and weak in summer-autumn. These seasonal and monthly variations not only reflect the response of aeolian processes on the Tibetan Plateau to atmospheric circulation but also provide important scientific insights for understanding regional wind-sand surface processes.

Key words: sand driving wind, sand drift potential, wind regime, the source region of Yellow River, Tibetan Plateau

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